Olympic sports include all sports contested in summer and winter Olympics. The current Olympic program consists of 35 sports with 53 disciplines and more than 400 events - the Summer Olympics include 28 sports with 38 disciplines, and the Winter Olympics include 7 sports with 15 disciplines. Each Olympic sport is represented by a single international governing body, namely an International Federation (IF).

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) establishes a hierarchy of sports, disciplines and events. According to this hierarchy, Olympic sports can be divided into several disciplines, which are often assumed to be separate from sports. Examples include swimming and water polo (disciplines of swimming, represented by the International Swimming Federation), or figure skating and speed skating (skating disciplines, represented by the International Skating Union). In turn, the disciplines that can be subdivided into events whose medals are actually allocated. A sport or discipline is included in the Olympic program if the IOC decides is widely practiced throughout the world, is the number of countries that are competing in a sport is an indicator of the sport 's prevalence. The IOC 's forecasts take into account the participation in the Olympics as well - tougher against men (as they are represented in more numerous) and summer sports (more nations that competition in the Summer Olympics ). To be competed at the Olympics, for example, an event must be practised in at least 50 to 35 countries on three continents by men and women, respectively.

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